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1.
Rev. bras. plantas med ; 16(3,supl.1): 693-699, 2014. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-727197

ABSTRACT

Espécies de Jatobá (Hymenaea stigonocarpa Mart. ex Hayne) são tradicionalmente utilizadas para o tratamento de diversas doenças. Estudos quimiotaxonômicos têm relacionado o gênero Hymenaea como fonte potencial de compostos fenólicos, taninos, flavonoides, os quais apresentam atividade antioxidante, sendo assim substâncias potencialmente inibidoras da tirosinase, enzima responsável por defeitos da pigmentação da pele. Existem cerca de 15 espécies no gênero Hymenaea, das quais 13 ocorrem no Brasil. Assim, este trabalho foi realizado para avaliar os fenóis, a atividade antioxidante, a capacidade de quelação dos íons cobre, e a capacidade de inibição da tirosinase do extrato das folhas da espécie H. Stigonocarpa. O material botânico (folhas), foi colhido nas árvores da área de cerrado de preservação ambiental do campus universitário FESURV - Universidade de Rio Verde - GO, seco em estufa de circulação forçada a 42°C por 2 dias, seguindo para a obtenção dos extratos hexânico e etanólico. A determinação do conteúdo fenólico realizada através do reativo Folin Ciocalteau demonstrou ser o extrato bruto etanólico (EBE) o que apresentou a maior concentração dessa classe (235,7 mg equivalente de ácido gálico por grama de EBE). Na avaliação da atividade captadora de radical, empregando o radical livre DPPH, novamente o extrato etanólico demonstrou atividade antioxidante mais elevada (IC50 = 19 ± 0,1 ppm). Para o procedimento de quelação de íons cobre, o extrato bruto etanólico não demonstrou tal capacidade. Quanto a inibição da enzima tirosinase, o extrato bruto etanólico, após 30 e 60 minutos, apresentou inibição de 38 e 48%, respectivamente.


The jatobá species, also known as Brazilian cherry, are traditionally used for the treatment of various diseases. Chemotaxonomic studies have described the Hymenaea genus as a potential source of phenolic compounds, tannins and flavonoids, which have antioxidant activity, thus being potential inhibitors of tyrosinase, which is the enzyme responsible for skin pigmentation defects. There are approximately 15 species in the genus Hymenaea of which 13 are found in Brazil. This study was conducted to evaluate the phenols, the antioxidant activity, the ability to chelate copper ions and the ability to inhibit tyrosinase of the extract of the H. Stigonocarpa leaves. The plant material (leaves) was harvested from trees in the savannah (Brazilian Cerrado) area of environmental preservation of the FESURV campus - University of Rio Verde - state of Goiás, dried in a forced circulation oven at 42° C for 2 days and subjected to extraction with hexane (hexane crude extract) and extraction with absolute ethanol (ethanol crude extract). When determining the phenolic content performed with the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, we found that the crude ethanol extract (CEE) presented the highest concentration (235.7 mg gallic acid equivalent per gram of CEE). In the evaluation of radical scavenging activity, using the DPPH free radical, the ethanol extract again showed higher antioxidant activity (IC50 = 19 ± 0.1 ppm). For the procedure for chelation of copper ions, the crude ethanol extract tested showed no such ability. For the process of inhibiting the tyrosinase enzyme, the crude ethanol extract tested after 30 and 60 minutes presented inhibition of 38 and 48%, respectively.


Subject(s)
Plant Extracts/pharmacokinetics , Monophenol Monooxygenase/antagonists & inhibitors , Plant Leaves/metabolism , Hymenaea/classification , Antioxidants/analysis , Phenolic Compounds/analysis , Free Radicals/adverse effects
3.
Journal of Arak University of Medical Sciences-Rahavard Danesh. 2009; 11 (4): 1-7
in Persian | IMEMR | ID: emr-101250

ABSTRACT

Imbalance between the production of free radicals and the antioxidant defense system causes oxidative stress. The cardamom is the fruit of the Elettaria cardamomum maton which probably has an antioxidant property. Aim of this study is assess of effect of cardamom-tea watery extract on oxidative stress. This clinical trial research was carried out on 54 persons. Firstly 5ml venous blood was collected and the parameter of the oxidative stress in their blood was evaluated. Then they were given every day 3 grams of cardamom and 1 gram of tea as like as 100 ml cardamom-tea watery extract for two weeks. After 2 weeks 5 ml blood was collected and the parameters of oxidative stress in their blood serum was evaluated for the second time. The parameters of first and second group of bloods were compared by SPSS software. The mean of total antioxidant capacity of serum before and after cardamom-tea extract were 1.96 +/- 0.64 micro mol/ml and 2.23 +/- 0.46 micro mol/ml respectively [p=0.009]. The mean of lipid peroxidation before and after cardamom-tea were 14.97 +/- 3.58 nmol/ml and 12.07=/-5.91 nmol/ml respectively [p=0/002]. The mean of total thiol group before and after cardamom-tea were 0.244 +/- 0.200, 0.266 +/- 0.166nmol respectively [p=0.141]. Th cardamom- tea reduces the amount of lipid peroxidation and enhanced the antiosidant markedly. So, the cardamom-tea decreases the amount of oxidative stress in blood. Therefore the cardamom-tea in the people diet is useful


Subject(s)
Humans , Oxidative Stress , Lipid Peroxidation , Free Radicals/adverse effects , Antioxidants , Plant Extracts , Plants, Medicinal , Free Radical Scavengers
4.
Modares Journal of Medical Sciences, Pathobiology. 2008; 11 (3-4): 9-18
in Persian | IMEMR | ID: emr-118972

ABSTRACT

The environmental exposure to Magnetic Fields [MFs] may interact with biological systems. MFs are generated from various sources such as power lines, electric appliances at homes and offices, electrified transportation systems including urban railway systems and diagnostic devices such as Magnetic Resonance Imaging [MRI]. There are some scientific evidences that imply the exposure to MFs are hazardous to our health and increases the rate of some cancers like leukemia. The biological consequences of exposure to MFs have been investigated from a variety of endpoints. However, most studies have been performed in vitro and have examined effects on cellular processes and its malfunction; such studies can be used as evidence of effects in vivo. In this study Bone Marrow Stem Cells were grown in the absence and in the presence of a 15 mT Static Magnetic Field for 5 hours in order to determine any changes in cell cycle progression using the count of cells in different phases. The count of cells in a special phase of cell cycle indicates the length of that phase. The Static Magnetic Field was performed using a locally designed MF generator. A significant increase in the number of cells in G0/G1 was observed in comparison with the controls. Also the number of cells in G0/G1 in the cells treated with Hydrogen-Peroxide, as an oxidative agent, was significantly increased in Static MF. Genetic material damages or mal-function of related proteins may cause these halts. Mfs have not enough energy to affect the biological molecules directly but the mechanism of free radical mediators is probable. These kinds of damages [direct or indirect] can permanently bring the cell cycle to a halt


Subject(s)
Cell Cycle , Mesenchymal Stem Cells , Rats , Free Radicals/adverse effects
5.
JCPSP-Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan. 2008; 18 (8): 465-466
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-102918
6.
Indian J Public Health ; 2006 Oct-Dec; 50(4): 231-5
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-109083

ABSTRACT

Chronic exposure to tobacco dust causes nasal inhalation and cutaneous absorption of tobacco alkaloids especially nicotine, therefore the considerable evidences showed that workers employed in bidi industries are at risk of cancer, lung diseases and other many health related common problems. Many references revealed that tobacco dust exposure induces mutations, damage to DNA etc. which are supposed to be the consequences of free radical generation. In present study attempt have been made to evaluate the status of oxidants and antioxidants and their relation with nicotine. 90 bidi workers were screened for serum lipid peroxide (MDA) and serum nitric oxide (NO*) as oxidant and erythrocytic-Superoxide Dismutase (RBC-SOD), Vitamin-C as antioxidant. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and urinary cotinine were also measured. These bidi workers were further divided in 3 groups, Group 1, 11 and III exposed to tobacco dust for about 10 to 14 yrs, 15 to 19 yrs and 20 to 24 yrs of exposure respectively. Highly significant excretion of Urinary cotinine was found in all groups of bidi workers as compared with control (p < 0.001). The levels of MDA, and NO* were found to be significantly elevated in all the three groups with progression of exposure, than the control (p < 0.001), where as the levels of RBC-SOD, Vitamin-C and TAC were significantly decreased in all the three groups as compared with controls (p < 0.001). From our findings it is evident that nicotine absorption might contribute to the disturbed oxidant and antioxidant balance leading to oxidative stress.


Subject(s)
Adult , Cotinine/urine , Dust , Female , Free Radicals/adverse effects , Humans , India , Middle Aged , Nicotine/adverse effects , Nitric Oxide/blood , Occupational Exposure/adverse effects , Oxidative Stress , Skin Absorption , Superoxide Dismutase/blood , Tobacco Industry
7.
Rev. bras. eng. biomed ; 20(2/3): 73-79, dez. 2004. ilus, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-495486

ABSTRACT

In nuclear medicine, stannous, as stannous chloride (SnCl2) and stannous fluoride (SnF2), are used as reducing agents to obtain radiopharmaceuticals labeled with technetium-99m. In the literature, the SnCl2 action was studied and it seems to be mediated through free radicals (FR) production in a Fenton-like reaction. In this work it was evaluated: (i) the in vitro SnF2 effects in different concentrations using pBCKS plasmid deoxyribonucleid acid (DNA); (ii) the SnF, effects in different Escherichia coli (E.coli) cultures, proficient or deficient in DNA repair genes, treated simultaneously with FR scavengers; and (iii) the biological effects of Maytenus ilicifolia, Baccharis genistelloides and Cymbopogon citratus aqueous extracts on the SnCL2 action in E.coli culture. The SnF2 treatment induced plasmidd DNA damages (single and double DNA strand breaks), in a dose-dependent manner. Citotoxicity mediated by SNf2 was observed and the simultaneous tratment with FR scavengers has increased the cell survival, suggesting the participation of FR on the SnF2-deleterious effects. The vegetal extrracts prottected the E.coli cells agains the SnCl2 effects. The components of the extracts could be interacting with SnCl2 blocking its participation in the FR formation.


Subject(s)
Organotin Compounds/adverse effects , DNA , Free Radicals/adverse effects , Antioxidants , Radiopharmaceuticals
8.
J. vasc. bras ; 3(4): 357-366, dez. 2004. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-404918

ABSTRACT

Com o desenvolvimento da microcirurgia na área da cirurgia plásrica reconstrutiva, ampliaram-se as possibilidades de reconstruções antes impossíveis e teve início a evolução dos retalhos à distância, que revolucionaram a especialidade. Atualmente, com a soma dos conhecimentos adquiridos, sabe-se que a freqüência de anastomoses vasculares microcirúrgicas pérvias, mesmo em mãos experientes, é de 90 a 95 por cento. As oclusões decorrem geralmente de erro técnico ou trombosevascular e, nesses casos, há necessidade de abordagem cirúrgica, que consiste na trombectomia, revisão da anastomose e restauração do fluxo sangüíneo. Porém, o restabelecimento do suprimento vascular normal paradoxalmente pode ser responsável por lesões ainda maisgraves do que as da isquemia per se. Estudos mostraram que o afluxo de oxigênio no tecido isquêmico levaria a uma série de alterações bioquímicas, inflamatórias e celulares mediadas principalmente pela formação dos radicais livres de oxigênio. Nesta revisão, serão abordados os principais mecanismos responsáveis por essas alterações, os modelos experimentais usados para seu estudo e as possibilidades terapêuticas no sentido de atenuar as lesões.


Subject(s)
Humans , Antioxidants/analysis , Ischemia/diagnosis , Ischemia/physiopathology , Free Radicals/adverse effects , Reperfusion/adverse effects , Surgical Flaps
9.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-86560

ABSTRACT

Free radicals and related species have attracted a great deal of attention in recent years. They are mainly derived from oxygen (reactive oxygen species/ROS) and nitrogen (reactive nitrogen species/RNS), and are generated in our body by various endogenous systems, exposure to different physicochemical conditions or pathophysiological states. Free radicals can adversely alter lipids, proteins and DNA and have been implicated in aging and a number of human diseases. Lipids are highly prone to free radical damage resulting in lipid peroxidation that can lead to adverse alterations. Free radical damage to protein can result in loss of enzyme activity. Damage caused to DNA, can result in mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. Redox signaling is a major area of free radical research that is attracting attention. Nature has endowed us with protective antioxidant mechanisms- superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione, glutathione peroxidases and reductase, vitamin E (tocopherols and tocotrienols), vitamin C etc., apart from many dietary components. There are epidemiological evidences correlating higher intake of components/ foods with antioxidant abilities to lower incidence of various human morbidities or mortalities. Current research reveals the different potential applications of antioxidant/free radical manipulations in prevention or control of disease. Natural products from dietary components such as Indian spices and medicinal plants are known to possess antioxidant activity. Newer and future approaches include gene therapy to produce more antioxidants in the body, genetically engineered plant products with higher level of antioxidants, synthetic antioxidant enzymes (SOD mimics), novel biomolecules and the use of functional foods enriched with antioxidants.


Subject(s)
Antioxidants/analysis , Diet , Food Analysis , Forecasting , Free Radicals/adverse effects , Humans , Lipid Peroxidation/physiology , Reactive Oxygen Species/adverse effects
10.
Indian J Physiol Pharmacol ; 2002 Jan; 46(1): 1-5
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-106957
11.
Acta cir. bras ; 16(3): 139-145, jul.-set. 2001. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-289320

ABSTRACT

A oclusäo e reperfusäo das artérias esplâncnicas ocasiona choque circulatório, causado principalmente pelo aumento de permeabilidade vascular e pela agressäo celular provocada por radicais livres derivados do oxigênio. Este estudo tem por finalidade verificar a açäo do extrato de Ginkgo biloba (Egb-761) e do amido hidroxietílico (AHH) na prevençäo do choque circulatório produzido pela isquemia e reperfusäo de órgäos esplâncnicos. O Egb-761 tem propriedades antioxidantes relatadas na literatura. O AHH, tem sido utilizado como recurso terapêutico do choque hipovolêmico. Ratos anestesiados receberam infusäo contínua de Egb-761 ou AHH, sendo submetidos à isquemia (oclusäo do tronco celíaco, artéria mesentérica superior e artéria mesentérica inferior por 30 minutos) e reperfusäo (por 90 minutos) dos órgäos esplâncnicos. Foram feitas: análise histopatológica ileal, dosagem de malondialdeído ileal e determinaçäo contínua da pressäo arterial média (PAM). A PAM ao final do período de reperfusäo foi significativamente mais elevada nos animais tratados com Egb-761 e AHH, que no grupo controle (F=18,29; p<0,001). Näo houve diferença entre os grupos tratados e controle quanto à dosagem de MDA (H=4,61; p>0,10) e quanto às alteraçöes histológicas (H=6,003; p>0,10). Em conclusäo, houve melhora nas condiçöes hemodinâmicas, com atenuaçäo do choque nos ratos que receberam Egb-761 ou AHH. Novos estudos seräo necessários para se avaliar melhor as alteraçöes histológicas e para esclarecer a formaçäo de produtos finais da peroxidaçäo lipídica.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Ginkgo biloba/therapeutic use , Ischemia/therapy , Splanchnic Nerves/surgery , Hypertonic Solutions/therapeutic use , Reperfusion Injury/therapy , Free Radicals/adverse effects , Ileum/anatomy & histology , Ileum/chemistry , Ischemia/etiology , Rats, Wistar , Reperfusion/methods , Reperfusion Injury/etiology
12.
Rev. chil. nutr ; 27(2): 210-9, sept. 2000. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-284962

ABSTRACT

La generación de radicales libres y de otras especies reactivas del oxígeno (ERO) constituye un evento continuo y fisiológico. Si bien dichas especies cumplen funciones biológicas fundamentales, su producción excesiva relativa a su velocidad de remoción puede conducir a diversas formas de daño celular. En la primera parte de esta revisión se mencionaron los mecanismos de defensa antioxidante del organismo que son determinantes en el mantenimiento del delicado balance entre la generación y la remoción de especies radicalarias. El presente trabajo describe y discute los principales mecanismos antioxidantes, de naturaleza enzimática o no, encargados de inhibir la presencia de niveles de ERO potencialmente tóxicos para la célula. Se describen las enzimas superóxido dismutasa, encargada de la remoción de anión superóxido, y las enzimas con actividad peroxidásica (catalasa, glutation peroxidasa). Junto a estos mecanismos enzimáticos, se describe las funciones biológicas que cumplen las vitaminas E y C, y los carotenos como antioxidantes de carácter no enzimático. Se pone énfasis en la importancia que tiene la ingesta adecuada de alimentos en el aporte de micronutrientes para mantener el necesario equilibrio entre los sistemas de defensa antioxidantes y los generadores de especies radicalarias. Finalmente, se revisan los potenciales beneficios y riesgos del uso de preparados en base a polifenoles como suplementos antioxidantes de carácter no fisiológico


Subject(s)
Humans , Antioxidants/pharmacokinetics , Free Radicals/adverse effects , Ascorbic Acid/therapeutic use , beta Carotene/therapeutic use , Catalase/analysis , Oxidative Stress/physiology , Glutathione Peroxidase/analysis , Micronutrients , Superoxide Dismutase/analysis , Vitamin E/therapeutic use
14.
Rio de Janeiro; s.n; 2000. 83 p. tab, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-283020

ABSTRACT

O estanho é um agente químico de uso amplamente difundido nos mais diferentes setores da atividade humana, podendo ser encontrado, por exemplo, em preparações biocidas; como conservante em refrigerantes; na composição de cremes dentais e enxagüantes orais (como veiculador de flúor); como agente anticorrosivo na cobertura de outros metais em embalagens metálicas contendo alimentos e na pigmentação de tintas especiais. Na forma de cloreto estanoso (SnCl2), este agente é utilizado como agente redutor do Tecnécio 99m para a obtenção de radiofármacos e outras moléculas de interesse biológico. Uma vez que a literatura apresenta vários efeitos biológicos indesejáveis atribuídos ao SnCl2, este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a sua atividade genotóxica, bem como a ação antioxidante de algumas substâncias naturais (cartilagem e boldina), através do bloqueio das lesões produzidas por este sal em plasmídeos e células bacterianas, com o fim de estudar a ação do íon estanoso sobre o DNA. O emprego das técnicas de análise de sobrevivência bacteriana, capacidade transformante, eletroforese em gel de agarose, espectrofotometria de luz ultravioleta e de absorção atômica, reveram que: i) O cloreto estanoso provoca lesões, mediadas pela produção de espécies reativas de oxigênio, tanto in vivo quanto in vitro; ii) os danos induzidos pelo SnCl2 provocam diminuição da capacidade transformante do plamídeo pUC9.1; iii) o número de lesões formadas no DNS é diretamente proporcional ao tempo de incubação com SnCl2; iv)o íon estanoso é capaz de se associar à molécula de DNA, induzindo a geração de espécies reativas de oxigênio próximo ao local de ligação, promovendo modificações na estrutura da macromolécula; v) essa associação parece acarretar um ataque preferencial às bases nitrogenadas, fato que poderia estar associado a uma potencialidade mutagênica do estanho


Subject(s)
Organotin Compounds/adverse effects , DNA , Reactive Oxygen Species , Free Radicals/adverse effects , Hydroxyl Radical/adverse effects , Nitric Oxide/adverse effects , Hydrogen Peroxide/adverse effects , Superoxides/adverse effects , Tin Compounds/adverse effects , Tin/adverse effects
15.
Rev. nefrol. diál. traspl ; (49): 3-7, dic. 1999. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-253562

ABSTRACT

El descubrimiento de los F2 isoprostanos ha ampliado nuestra visión del daño oxidativo. Uno de las mayores necesidades en la investigación de radicales libres ha sido la de disponer de métodos confiables sensibles y no invasivos para valorar el stress oxidativo in vivo. Las evidencias surgidas de los estudios experimentales en animales y en humanos han demostrado que las mediciones de F2 isoprostanos representan una de las más confiables propuestas para la valoración de la injuria oxidativa in vivo. Además, si los F2 isoprostanos son solamente marcadores de daño oxidativo o si también son mediadores de vasoconstricción tendrá que ser corroborado por estudios futuros.


Subject(s)
Humans , Free Radicals/adverse effects , Reactive Oxygen Species , Oxidative Stress , Kidney/pathology , Dinoprost
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